How can you tell the difference between a comet and an asteroid?

 

Studying the night sky is so important for scientific research across many fields of science and technology. Thanks to the hard work of scientists, our understanding of the universe has greatly increased. One of the most fascinating questions is how natural objects move through space and how they differ from one another.

Both asteroids and comets are really interesting!

Hey there! Did you know that asteroids and comets are actually orbiting the Sun? Interesting, right? They're made up of ice, gases, dust, and rocks. It's pretty cool, but did you also know that they can pose a potential threat to Earth if they collide with us?   Comets have more eccentric orbits and visible tails, while asteroids are round and have stable orbits.

 

Hi there! Have you ever wondered if the consequences of Earth colliding with an asteroid differ from those of a comet?

Well, asteroids are mostly made up of rock and metal, and when they collide with Earth, they can cause significant damage, like destroying cities, creating huge craters, and even exploding! In fact, the extinction of the dinosaurs and many other animal species is believed to have been caused by the collision of a 10-kilometre asteroid with Earth about 65 million years ago.

Comets are amazing celestial bodies made up of ice, gases, and dust. As a comet approaches the Sun, the ice and gas heat up due to solar radiation, creating a beautiful cloud of dust and gas that surrounds the comet. When a comet collides with Earth, the dust and gas can create stunning meteor showers, which are brightly lit celestial phenomena that are truly awe-inspiring. Additionally, comets can release heavy metals and other substances into Earth's atmosphere, which can be fascinating to study. Comets are actually less destructive than asteroids because they are smaller in size.

While both asteroids and comets can cause destruction upon impact with Earth, the magnitude and effects of the impact depend on the type of object.

Comets come in various sizes, ranging from small to very large. Interestingly, about 90% of known comets have a diameter of less than 10 kilometres, but there are also larger comets. Hey there! Did you know that in 1997, Halley's Comet flew past Earth? It was about 50 kilometres in diameter, which is pretty big! The largest known comet, Shoemaker-Levy 9 (C/1993 F2), was even bigger at around 60 kilometres in diameter. However, these large comets are quite rare. Most comets are actually much smaller.

Did you know that planets, satellites, and stars are round?

This is because their gravity is strong enough to draw matter to the center of the object, creating an equilibrium of forces and resulting in a spherical shape.

However, asteroids are not massive enough to collect sufficient matter to form a spherical shape. Hey there! It's because of their inhomogeneous composition and weaker gravity. Pretty cool, huh?

Did you know that asteroids aren't always spherical? There are a lot of factors that can influence their shape, like rotation, collisions with other asteroids, or the attraction of nearby planets and space objects. That's why an asteroid's shape can be less regular and closer to an oval or asymmetrical.

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